Windows stops applications that use the GPU for too long, exceeding the TDR delay. You can increase TDR delay to avoid this, but it would be great if you could test if setting volume partitions solves this issue, too.
At “adaptive” quality setting the renderer measures rendering time and adjusts rendering quality (number of rays, sampling distances, etc.) for the next rendering request to achieve the requested frame rate. This mechanism works very well for CPUs because the computation is very predictable. However, rendering time on GPU can be highly nonlinear and the GPU may perform complex internal optimizations, too, therefore the prediction is often very inaccurate, especially for large volumes. As a result, “adaptive” setting may not work as intended for GPU volume rendering.