You can simply save the file in vtk or vtp file format and that will contain all the computed distances for each point.
Note that you can also access all the distance values in Python and compute statistics (histogram, etc). For example, this script shows how to compute and plot histogram:
modelNode = getNode('VTK Output File')
# Get distances from model node (stored in point data array)
import vtk.util.numpy_support
distanceArrayVtk =modelNode.GetPolyData().GetPointData().GetArray('Signed')
distanceArray = vtk.util.numpy_support.vtk_to_numpy(distanceArrayVtk)
# Compute histogram values
import numpy as np
histogram = np.histogram(distanceArray, bins=50)
# Save results to a new table node
tableNode=slicer.mrmlScene.AddNewNodeByClass("vtkMRMLTableNode")
updateTableFromArray(tableNode, histogram)
tableNode.GetTable().GetColumn(0).SetName("Count")
tableNode.GetTable().GetColumn(1).SetName("Intensity")
# Create plot
plotSeriesNode = slicer.mrmlScene.AddNewNodeByClass("vtkMRMLPlotSeriesNode", 'Distance histogram')
plotSeriesNode.SetAndObserveTableNodeID(tableNode.GetID())
plotSeriesNode.SetXColumnName("Intensity")
plotSeriesNode.SetYColumnName("Count")
plotSeriesNode.SetPlotType(plotSeriesNode.PlotTypeScatterBar)
plotSeriesNode.SetColor(0, 0.6, 1.0)
# Create chart and add plot
plotChartNode = slicer.mrmlScene.AddNewNodeByClass("vtkMRMLPlotChartNode")
plotChartNode.AddAndObservePlotSeriesNodeID(plotSeriesNode.GetID())
#plotChartNode.YAxisRangeAutoOff()
#plotChartNode.SetYAxisRange(0, 500000)
# Show plot in layout
slicer.modules.plots.logic().ShowChartInLayout(plotChartNode)
