Is it possible to use Slicer to directly edit a 3D voxel volume?

Has this been already solved or at least discussed? Such as inserting “voxelized” primitives (sphere, cylinder, block, …) and combining them in various ways (boolean ops?).

Yes, you can use the Segment Editor’s Mask Volume effect to paint in anything into a volume. There are several options, such as paint inside/outside and smooth edges (to keep gradients clean and smooth at the segment boundary).

If you have some input meshes (sphere, etc.) then you can load them as models into Slicer (or create them in Slicer using Create Models module in SlicerIGT extension) and then:

  • Go to Segment Editor module and create a new segmentation
  • Go to Data module and drag-and-drop the model(s) into the segmentation node
  • Go to Segment Editor module and use Mask Volume effect to paint the segment into the volume