These file contains a so badly corrupted mesh that it is really hard to make any sense of it. It is tricky because visually it looks OK. However, it has duplicate triangles all over the mesh (it looks like all the tubes are double-walled) and it self-intersects at hundreds of locations. If you got this from an attachment of a paper then I would suggest to contact the journal and/or the authors and ask for a corrected mesh. Or ask for the centerline that it was generated from.
I was able to make the mesh somewhat usable by using ParaView’s “Clean to grid” filter followed by “Extract surface”. However, it is still not perfect and VMTK can only process a single vessel tree at a time, so you need to tune mesh clearing further and to split the mesh to independent trees before attempting centerline analysis.