What you did was mostly correct, except you should never click “Centered” option, as it discards the real image position and moves it to the coordinate system center.
You don’t see anything in 3D view, because you only show a 3D view and images are not shown in 3D view by default. Switch to 4-up view layout using the 
button on the toolbar.
You can show CT volumes using “Volume rendering” module.
To visualize segmentations in 3D, I would recommend to convert labelmap volume nodes to segmentation nodes using “Data” module then go to “Segmentations” module and click on “Create” button next to “Closed surface” in “Representations” section.
Visualization of CT volumes using volume rendering and segmentations as closed surface in 3D:
