Note that at least some of the concepts used in Slicer are broadly applicable across medical imaging domain. DICOM standard probably includes definitions (or at least mentions!) for a subset of those. According to this article, back in 2015, NEMA granted the permission to someone to translate the DICOM standard text to Chinese. Maybe you can find that resource, and then you could cross-reference paragraphs to find mapping for the terms?
I also found this repository that seems to be translating some parts of DICOM to Chinese: https://github.com/zssure-thu/DICOM-Chinese.
Just a few resources I could find quickly. DICOM is an international standard, so it can help you.