A new effect has been added to the Segment Editor Extra Effects to split a volume using a segmentation. The output is a volume for each segment, cropped to the extent of the segment with optional padding. This can be used for tasks such as the separation of multiple specimen in a single scan.
This effect is available with the nightly Slicer version in the SegmentEditorExtraEffects extension. A brief demo is posted here: https://youtu.be/GtP4DJtMjnk
Thanks @lassoan for your help with this.