Pre-build or Locally-build 3dSlicer under Ubuntu 16.04 does NOT start: Failed to obtain launcher executable name!

So you have the same error in both the binary and the build version?

there are similar related problems. Try redownloading both stable and nightly binaries and check if you still get the same error in both of them.

If it does not work, probably something wrong with your system.

@jcfr: I am not the one who has the problem. BTW, There are people who reported similar problem
http://slicer-devel-archive.65872.n3.nabble.com/Windows-Built-but-gives-following-error-on-execution-td4034740.html